Investigational·Coenzyme / metabolic substrate
NAD+ (Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide)
aka Nicotinamide riboside (NR) precursor, Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) precursor
Education only. Many compounds discussed are research chemicals not approved for human use in the US. This is not medical advice — consult a licensed physician.
What it is
Essential coenzyme involved in cellular energy metabolism and DNA repair. Direct injection (rare) and oral precursors (NR, NMN) are studied for aging and metabolic health.
How it works
Substrate for sirtuin enzymes (SIRT1-7), PARP enzymes (DNA repair), and CD38. Levels decline with age.
What the research says
Multiple human RCTs of NR and NMN show modest NAD+ elevation; clinical outcomes (aging biomarkers, healthspan) less clear.
Sources: PubMed: NMN trials
Common dosing ranges
- Range
- NMN: 250–1000 mg/day oral. NR: 300–600 mg/day. NAD+ IV: 250–500 mg per session.
- Frequency
- Daily for oral; periodic for IV
- Duration
- Open-ended
Sources: PubMed
Administration
Oral · IV · SubQ
Half-life
NMN: ~10 minutes; downstream NAD+ elevation lasts hours
Side effects
Common
- Generally well-tolerated
- Flushing (oral high doses)
- IV: nausea during infusion
Serious / theoretical
- Theoretical concerns with cancer (NAD+ supports cellular metabolism broadly)
Sources: PubMed